WASHINGTON (AP) — Maybe it's time to call in a mediator — if there's one not on furlough.

President Barack Obama and congressional Republicans are in stalemate over a partial government shutdown now in its second week. And a looming crisis over the federal debt limit is rapidly approaching, with economists saying that could have a devastating effect on the U.S. economy.

"What they really need is someone to create a safe place for them to begin to talk about getting some of the issues resolved so they could at least begin to get the government going again," said Rocco Scanza, executive director of the Scheinman Institute on Conflict Resolution at Cornell University.

While the two sides are dug in, a mediator would focus on a bigger objective: allowing both sides to save face.

"Whether you want to call it a mediation or a discussion, a third party can help facilitate a discussion away from the fanfare, away from the noise," he said. "Get someone in the room who has the ability and the temperament to get folks to find common ground."

Think of it as negotiating a labor contract or a divorce settlement.

THE PRECEDENT

Obama and the GOP have shown few signs of compromise so far, but history suggests they will come together eventually. In the last government shutdown, in the mid-1990s, the two sides eventually reached a deal, and they did so again in 2011 to avert another possible shutdown.

"All disputes end. That's the one thing I know," said Scot Beckenbaugh, a veteran federal mediator who has helped resolve a number of high-profile disputes, including a four-month lockout that almost wiped out the National Hockey League season last year.

The current shutdown "will be over when the two parties want it to end," said Beckenbaugh, deputy director of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. "Or when they need it to end (and decide) that the solution is better than the fight."

The 1995-96 shutdown, which also centered on a partisan dispute over spending, lasted 21 days and ended after President Bill Clinton and congressional Republicans agreed to a compromise budget plan.

That history offers hope that a solution can be found this time, said Julian Zelizer, a professor of history and public affairs at Princeton University. Shutdowns "are difficult and often very bitter, but they can be resolved through leadership," Zelizer said.

THE FIRST STEP

Getting the two sides to talk together. Often, a mediator will shuttle between the parties searching for clues of where there might be common ground

Start small and then move on to the bigger picture when trust is established.

For example, instead of focusing on long-term problems such as the national debt or overall spending, initial talks should focus on a short-term objective such as getting furloughed workers back on the job, Zelizer and others said.

"Maybe something as simple as putting people back to work, without assigning blame," Beckenbaugh suggested.

COMING TO GRIPS WITH REALITY

Bill Hoagland, a former Senate Budget Committee staff director and longtime GOP aide who was involved in talks that ended the 1996 shutdown, said each side must recognize its own limits.

"With all due respect to the president, you can't continue to say you won't negotiate" over a budget deal, said Hoagland, now a senior vice president at the Bipartisan Policy Center, a Washington think tank. "You can't say that forever."

At best, Obama and his party control two-thirds of the government, leaving House Republicans with crucial leverage, Hoagland said.

At the same time, Republicans and House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, in particular "have to recognize that they are not going to defund or replace the Affordable Care Act. It's just not going to happen," Hoagland said.

Boehner "needs to recognize that he fought the good fight, and he should take the position, 'OK, what can we get that is acceptable to our members?'" Hoagland said.

Zelizer agreed, although he said Boehner was boxed in by tea-party conservatives who were unlikely to accept concessions that do not dismantle the 2010 health care law.

COMPROMISE ISN'T A DIRTY WORD

A possible compromise could be on a GOP proposal to repeal a tax on medical devices. Republicans have sought the tax repeal as an interim step to delay or defund the new health care law supported by Democrats but so far have been rebuffed.

Agreement on the medical device tax, or some other issue such as spending cuts unrelated to health care, could go a long way to end the shutdown by allowing both sides to save face, Zelizer said.

"A small compromise has big political value because neither side is going to give in on the big issues," he said.

THE LOOMING THREAT AS LEVERAGE

Hoagland and others said the answer may lie in what comes next: a possible government default on U.S. debts, a first in the nation's history. The Treasury Department says that without congressional action it will run out of borrowing authority to pay the government's bills on Oct. 17.

The threat of default — and the economic catastrophe it almost certainly would bring — could be enough to persuade Democrats and Republicans to come together, Hoagland said.

The White House has signaled it would accept even a brief extension in borrowing authority to prevent an unprecedented default, while a defiant Boehner has said he will insist that Obama negotiate on changes to the 3-year-old health care law and spending cuts if he wants to end the shutdown and avert a default.

BRING IN HELP

Beckenbaugh, the federal mediator, said his agency typically focuses on labor-management disputes, but has intervened in land-use and law enforcement cases. Like other federal agencies, the mediation service has been hit by furloughs but continues to offer assistance where there is a threat to life, property or the public order.

"My guess is if we were to receive a call," he said, "I'm sure we would be more than willing to offer our services."