ATLANTA (AP) — Mark Meadows took the witness stand Monday at a hearing in Atlanta over whether the Trump White House chief of staff should be allowed to fight the Georgia indictment accusing him of participating in an illegal scheme to overturn the 2020 election in federal court rather than in a state court.

Meadows, who was charged earlier this month along with former President Donald Trump and 17 other people, was questioned by both his lawyers and prosecutors — with a couple of Trump's attorneys sitting in the courtroom listening in. Cross-examination was set to continue after a lunch break. After the defense finishes its case, it will be the prosecution's turn to call witnesses.

Meadows' attorney George J. Terwilliger III asked him about his duties as Trump's chief of staff and then walked him through the acts accused in the indictment to ask if he had done those as part of his job. For most of the acts listed, Meadows said he had performed them as part of his official duty.

In cross-examination, prosecutor Anna Cross ticked through acts laid out in the indictment to ask Meadows what federal policy was being advanced. He frequently answered that the federal interest was in ensuring accurate and fair elections, but she accused him several times of not answering her question.

Trump attorneys Steve Sadow and Jennifer Little were in the courtroom, as were attorneys for at least one other defendant.

Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis, who used Georgia's racketeering law to bring the case, alleges that Trump, Meadows and the others participated in a wide-ranging conspiracy to illegally try to keep the Republican president in power even after his election loss to Democrat Joe Biden.

Lawyers for Meadows argue that his actions that gave rise to the charges in the indictment "all occurred during his tenure and as part of his service as Chief of Staff." They argue that he did nothing criminal and that the charges against him should be dismissed, and they want U.S. District Judge Steve Jones to move the case to federal court to halt any proceedings against him at the state level. It was unclear when Jones planned to make his decision.

Meadows notably denied performing two acts in the indictment, including one in which he is accused of asking White House personnel officer John McEntee to draft a memo to Vice President Mike Pence on how to delay certification of the election.

"When this came out in the indictment, it was the biggest surprise for me," Meadows testified. He later said, "Me asking Johnny McEntee for this kind of a memo just didn't happen."

He also said he does not believe he texted Georgia secretary of state's office chief investigator Frances Watson, as the indictment alleged; rather, he said, he believes that text was sent to Jordan Fuchs, the secretary of state's chief of staff.

Willis' team argues that the actions in question were meant solely to keep Trump in office. These actions were explicitly political in nature and are illegal under the Hatch Act, which restricts partisan political activity by federal employees, they wrote in a response to Meadows' notice of removal to federal court. They believe the case should remain in Fulton County Superior Court.

The allegations against Meadows include: participating in meetings or communications with state lawmakers along with Trump and others that were meant to advance the alleged illegal scheme to keep Trump in power; traveling to Atlanta's suburbs where a ballot envelope signature audit was happening; arranging a phone call between Trump and a Georgia secretary of state investigator; participating in a January 2021 phone call between Trump and Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger during which Trump suggested Raffensperger could help "find 11,780 votes" needed for him to win Georgia.

Since Meadows was "forbidden by law to use his authority or influence to interfere with or affect the result of an election or otherwise participate in activity directed toward the success of Mr. Trump as a candidate for the presidency, every single one of these activities fell outside the scope of his duties, both as a matter of fact and as a matter of law," Willis' team argues. But even if that weren't the case, it's clear these actions weren't part of his official duties, they argue.

Cross asked Meadows on Monday why he was present in an Oval Office meeting with Michigan legislators in which, the indictment alleges, Trump made false claims about election fraud in the state. Meadows said that he was responsible for managing the president's time and that it was important for someone to keep the meeting moving and wrap it up when it was finished.

Willis' team has subpoenaed several witnesses to appear at Monday's hearing, including Raffensperger, Watson and two lawyers who did work for Trump in Georgia in the aftermath of the election but who were not named in the indictment. They have also submitted excerpts of previously taken depositions of several people, including former Meadows assistant Cassidy Hutchinson.

Meadows is not entitled to immunity under the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution, which basically says that federal law takes precedence over state law, because his actions were "improper political activity" that weren't part of his official duties and the evidence shows that he had "personal or criminal motivations for acting," Willis' team argued.

In response to Willis' team's filing, Meadows' lawyers said all that is at issue at the moment is whether the case should be moved to federal court and that he has met that "very low threshold."

Meadows was a federal official and his actions were part of that role, they wrote, noting that the chief of staff has "broad-ranging duties to advise and assist the President." The merits of his arguments of immunity cannot be used to decide whether the case should be moved to federal court, they argued.

They added that the "Hatch Act is a red herring, particularly at this stage," and shouldn't even be discussed until after the case is moved to federal court. "Nonetheless, Mr. Meadows complied with federal law in connection with the charged conduct," they wrote.

At least four others charged in the indictment are also seeking to move the case to federal court, including U.S. Department of Justice official Jeffrey Clark. The other three — former Georgia Republican Party chair David Shafer, Georgia state Sen. Shawn Still and Cathy Latham — are among the 16 Georgia Republicans who signed a certificate declaring falsely that Trump had won the 2020 presidential election and declaring themselves the state's "duly elected and qualified" electors.