WASHINGTON (AP) — Government relief checks began arriving in Americans' bank accounts as the economic damage to the U.S. from the coronavirus piled up Wednesday and sluggish sales at reopened stores in Europe and China made it clear that business won't necessarily bounce right back when the crisis eases.

With many factories shut down, American industrial output shriveled in March, registering its biggest decline since the U.S. demobilized in 1946 at the end of World War II. And retail sales fell by an unprecedented 8.7%, with April expected to be far worse.

The world's biggest economy began issuing one-time payments this week to tens of millions of people as part of its $2.2 trillion coronavirus relief package, with adults receiving up to $1,200 each and $500 per child to help them pay the rent or cover other bills. The checks will be directly deposited into bank accounts or mailed to households in the coming weeks, depending on how they filed their tax returns.

Among those receiving a check was Jacqueline Gonzalez, a 32-year-old single mother who was laid off from her job as a bartender and lives with her mother, a teacher, in Miami Lakes, Florida. Gonzalez paid her car insurance and gave her mother $500 for rent. She has signed up for food stamps.

"There is no other form of income for us right now. We have no other choice. We can't work from home," she said. "We're just sitting here. Bills are racking up."

In an unprecedented move, President Donald Trump's name will be printed on the paper checks.

Meanwhile, the first steps in lifting the economically crippling restrictions in other parts of the world are running into resistance, with shoppers and other customers staying away from the reopened businesses and workers afraid the newly restored freedoms could put their health at risk.

In China, millions are still wary of spending much or even going out. Some cities have resorted to handing out shopping vouchers and trying to reassure consumers by showing officials in state media eating in restaurants.

"I put off plans to change cars and spend almost nothing on eating out or entertainment," said Zhang Hu, a truck salesman in Zhengzhou who has gone back to work but has seen his income plummet because few people buying 20-ton rigs. "I have no idea when the situation will turn better."

In Austria, Marie Froehlich, who owns a clothing store in Vienna, said her staff was happy to get back to work after weeks of being cooped up at home. But with her business dependent largely on tourism, which has dried up amid the travel restrictions, she expects it will take months to return to normal.

"Until then, we are in crisis mode," she said.

The scene was similar in hard-hit Italy, where the streets of Rome were largely deserted despite an easing of restrictions this week that allowed some stores to reopen.

Worldwide, deaths have topped 130,000 and confirmed infections 2 million, according to the tally kept by Johns Hopkins University. The figures understate the true size of the crisis, in part because of limited testing, different ways of counting the dead, and concealment by some governments

The U.S. has recorded approximately 27,000 deaths — the highest in the world — and over 600,000 confirmed infections, by Johns Hopkins' count. Still, the nightmare scenarios projecting a far greater number of deaths and hospitalizations have not come to pass, raising hopes from coast to coast.

In other developments:

— An investigation by The Associated Press found that six days of delays by China in alerting the public to the growing dangers of the virus in mid-January set the stage for the global disaster.

— Millions of South Korean voters wore masks and maintained social distancing as they voted in parliamentary elections, with turnout surprisingly high. The government resisted calls to postpone the balloting, seen as a midterm referendum on President Moon Jae-in.

— The death toll in Iran is probably almost twice the official figure of almost 4,800 as a result of undercounting and because some patients were not tested for the virus, a parliamentary report said. The explosive allegation was buried in a footnote in the 46-page document.

— With deaths and hospitalizations stabilizing or dropping on the Continent, Germany announced plans to let smaller shops reopen next week and school to resume in early May. France reported a decrease in the number of COVID-19 patients in the hospital for the time since the outbreak began in the country.

— New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo said residents will be required to wear face coverings when they are near others, such as on the street or a subway platform. He said there will initially be no penalties for violating the measure. "It can be a mask. It can be a cloth. It can be a bandanna. Make it colorful. Make it advertising," he said. "What's the big deal?"

Around the world, the economic damage from the effort to "flatten the curve" of infections has mounted alarmingly.

While grocery store sales in the U.S. jumped nearly 26% in March as Americans stocked up on food and other goods to ride out the crisis, auto sales plummeted by one-quarter and clothing store sales slid by more than half, the government reported. The category that mostly includes online shopping rose more than 3%.

"With clear signs of panic buying of necessities and the fact that lockdowns were introduced only around the middle of the month means that far worse is to come in April and the second quarter more generally," said Michael Pearce, an economist at the consulting firm Capital Economics.

U.S. manufacturing output dropped 6.3% last month, led by plunging production at auto factories, which have shut down entirely.

As of last week, some 17 million people in the U.S. had been thrown onto the unemployment rolls because of the crisis.

Frustration over the shutdowns boiled over in Michigan as hundreds of honking, flag-waving protesters drove past the state Capitol in Lansing in a snowstorm, bringing traffic to a near-standstill. "Gov. Whitmer We Are Not Prisoners," one sign read, while another declared, "Michigander Against Gretchen's Abuses."

"This arbitrary blanket spread of shutting down businesses, about putting all of these workers out of business, is just a disaster," said Meshawn Maddock, a member of the Michigan Conservative Coalition, which organized the rally. "And people are sick and tired of it."

Trump has been anxious to see the stay-at-home orders and business shutdowns lifted in the U.S. But those aspirations continue to meet stiff resistance on the state and local levels.

New York Mayor Bill de Blasio, a liberal Democrat, told Fox News he intends to move cautiously.

"In this case, I'll call myself a conservative," said de Blasio, whose city's death toll now tops 10,000. "Look, I want to see people back to work as much as anyone. I feel it urgently. But we've got to secure the health and safety first of all New Yorkers and, obviously, all Americans. ... We get one chance to get it right."

Foreign leaders, meanwhile, rushed to the defense of the World Health Organization after Trump vowed to cut off payments to the U.N. agency for not sounding the alarm over the virus sooner.

European Union foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said the WHO is needed now more than ever: "Only by joining forces can we overcome this crisis that knows no borders."

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Kennedy reported from Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Associated Press journalists around the world contributed to this report.

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