SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico (AP) — Dozens of protesters crowded outside a federal courthouse in Puerto Rico on Wednesday as a judge prepared to hear a major debt restructuring case that critics say will only further indebt the U.S. territory if approved.

The hearing involves more than $17 billion worth of debt backed by sales-tax bonds that the government issued, representing nearly a third of Puerto Rico's overall bonded debt. The restructuring plan was recently approved after more than 8,000 bondholders voted on it, according to a federal control board that oversees the island's finances and supports the plan, calling it key to Puerto Rico's recovery.

If approved, the deal will represent 40 years' worth of payments for Puerto Rico's government. Senior bondholders, who hold nearly $8 billion, will be first to collect, receiving 93 percent of the value of the original bonds. Junior bondholders, many of whom are individual Puerto Rican investors and overall hold nearly $10 billion, will collect last and recover only 54 percent.

Economist Martin Guzman, a research associate at Columbia University, warned this week that if the plan is approved, Puerto Rico would pay $32 billion in the next 40 years.

He said it is hard for people to understand the effect that such a deal will have on their lives before they start feeling it.

"Puerto Rico risks becoming an island for the few, with an elite that will be living comfortably and for the middle class to develop their dreams elsewhere," he said.

It is unclear when a ruling in the case would be issued. Judge Laura Taylor-Swain has set aside two days for the hearing. If approved, it would be the second debt-restructuring deal since Puerto Rico announced it was unable to pay its debt in June 2015.

Puerto Rico's government declared a form of bankruptcy in May 2017. In November 2018, it completed its first debt-restructuring deal with creditors holding more than $4 billion in debt issued by the now-defunct Government Development Bank, which once issued loans and oversaw the island's debt transactions. That same month, Gov. Ricardo Rossello approved a measure authorizing the deal involving bonds backed by a sales-and-use tax without any public hearings.

Puerto Rico has seen its population dwindle from 3.7 million to 3.2 million in roughly a decade as a result of the economic crisis, coupled with the aftermath of Hurricane Maria, which hit in September 2017 as a Category 4 storm and caused more than an estimated $100 billion in damage.