WASHINGTON (AP) — U.S. health officials on Tuesday proposed steps to improve the government's system for overseeing medical devices, which has been criticized for years for failing to catch problems with risky implants and medical instruments.

The plan from the Food and Drug Administration includes few immediate changes, but lists a number of ideas and proposals with the goal of improving safeguards on pacemakers, artificial joints, medical scanners and other devices.

Among other measures, the FDA will consider requiring more training for doctors who implant certain high-risk devices. But that step, like others floated by the agency, might require new guidelines or regulations. Other proposals may require additional money from Congress.

The FDA has repeatedly been forced to issue safety alerts about unexpected problems with devices that only appeared years after they were approved for use in patients. In the last decade, those have included hip replacements that failed prematurely, faulty wiring in implanted defibrillators, surgical mesh linked to pain and bleeding and a surgical instrument that inadvertently spread uterine cancer.

"We want to have better tools for detecting issues that occur post-approval," FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb said Tuesday. "But we also want to have better policies to quickly intervene and better inform patients and providers if we see adverse events happening."

An agency critic said the report contains few concrete changes and "many sections that will please the device industry."

"FDA's safety strategies for medical devices are still years away from effective implementation," said Diana Zuckerman, president of the National Center for Health Research, a consumer advocacy group. "Overall, the report indicates that the FDA's approval standards for medical devices remain completely inadequate."

The FDA's framework for regulating devices dates to the mid-1970s and has been criticized in reports from government watchdogs and independent medical experts. Only brand new devices undergo testing in patients while the overwhelming majority of devices are OK'd based on similarities to products already on the market.

In 2011, a report from the influential Institute of Medicine said the FDA should abandon its system because it provides little assurance that most devices are actually safe. The group — now part of the National Academies — is composed of medical experts who advise the federal government.

FDA officials rejected the report's conclusions, saying the system works well for the vast majority of devices.

Tuesday's report acknowledges the shortcomings of FDA's current system for detecting problems, which agency officials describe as "passive." The agency relies on reports about device problems from doctors, patients and manufacturers, but the electronic filings often contain incomplete or inaccurate information. And most device issues are not reported, according to government assessments.

That means it can take a long time to determine if the issue "represents a true safety concern," the FDA paper states.

Among other proposals laid out in the FDA's "Medical Device Safety Action Plan," the FDA will consider:

— How to quickly require additional safety requirements for certain devices, including training for doctors who work with the complex devices.

— Extra scrutiny of devices for women, following recent problems with vaginal mesh, the birth control implant Essure and surgical tools.

— New ways to encourage manufacturers to improve safety, including quicker approval for devices that appear safer than what's available.

— Requiring cybersecurity features for electronic devices like implantable heart pacemakers and defibrillators.

The agency will also ask Congress for more money for a public-private system intended to monitor insurance claims, electronic health records and other data sources for early signs of device problems. The project is estimated to cost $250 million over five years to become operational; it is now slated to receive $30 million from device manufacturers.